Despite the natural ability of human skin and immune system to prevent germs from entering the body, hospitalized patients can be particularly vulnerable to nosocomial infections. These patients undergo invasive procedures and examinations that can result in a compromised immune system. Furthermore, the hospital environment and frequent patient transfers can encourage the spread of germs. The cost of treating an infected patient is considerable.
Common types of nosocomial infections
Common types of nosocomial infections include urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory infections. UTIs are the most common nosocomial infections and account for up to 30% of infections in the United States. They are, caused by bacteria that are present in the urinary tract, which are both endogenous and exogenous. These bacteria often adhere to tissues and form a microcolony.
The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system was, implemented in 1970 and involves hospitals throughout the United States. The data on nosocomial infections include date of admission, location of infection, demographic characteristics, and type of pathogens. These infections can be life-threatening and are a major cause of unnecessary medical expenses. Nosocomial infections often involve bacteria that are multidrug resistant and can affect the patient’s health.
Urinary tract infections are the most common nosocomial infection and account for about a third of all HAIs. These infections can occur due to inappropriate hygiene and poor catheter insertion site hygiene. Cathode insertion sites should be cleaned thoroughly and should never be left in longer than necessary.
Surgical procedures can result in nosocomial infections, and the best way to avoid them is to wash your hands frequently. Although handwashing is still the most effective defense against disease transmission, many Americans still do not wash their hands properly. Not only is handwashing important in preventing nosocomial infections, but it’s also important to keep your skin healthy.
Bacterial nosocomial infections can occur in patients undergoing surgery, and are a major health concern around the world. With antibiotic resistance on the rise, it’s an important therapeutic challenge for physicians. One study aimed to find the most common types of nosocomial infections following surgical procedures. It followed 192 patients for a 12-month period. Researchers collected socio-demographic data, wound swab samples, and venous blood samples. Bacterial cultures were, isolated and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
One of the most common nosocomial microorganisms is Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterium has a thick cell wall that allows it to survive longer in hospital and natural environments. Moreover, some strains can survive on solid surfaces for months or even years. This bacteria is, often associated with wound infections in returning soldiers from Iraq.
Treatments for nosocomial infections
Treatments for nosocomial infections vary based on the specific type of infection. Many of them involve antibiotics and bed rest. They may also involve removal of foreign devices. In addition, proper nutrition is key to promote the healing process and prevent dehydration. Infections of this type can be life-threatening and should be treated promptly.
While the cause of nosocomial infections is unclear, some factors are, known to increase the risk of developing them. Factors that contribute to the risk include age, comorbid conditions, recent antibiotic therapy, and prolonged hospitalization. Surgical procedures and invasive devices are the most common causes of nosocomial infections.
The environment in hospitals is a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms. These organisms are often resistant to antibiotics, making them especially dangerous. Infections in hospital settings are the most common cause of death and morbidity of hospitalized patients. Nosocomial infections cause a wide range of complications.
Infections in hospitals occur through various routes, including direct contact with infected individuals. They are, spread through droplets that are propelled through the air and land on the body of the patient. These droplets are, generated by coughing, sneezing, talking, and certain medical procedures.
Antibiotics are the most common treatments for nosocomial infections. However, overuse of antibiotics has led to microbial resistance. To overcome this, new antibiotics are being, developed. Avycaz, developed by Allergan, was approved by the FDA in February 2018 for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
Prevention is key to preventing nosocomial infections. As a result, patients should be aware of the dangers of these infections. Antibiotics, such as vancomycin, should be taken appropriately to prevent infections. This will minimize the growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Infections of the bloodstream are increasing in the US, and are a major cause of mortality. In the US, approximately 250,000 hospital-acquired BSIs occur annually. Globally, there are over 30 million people suffering from BSI. As a result, bloodstream infections cause up to 6 million deaths every year. They also affect millions of newborns and young children. In the developing world, bloodstream infection rates range from 11% to 28%.
