China is a country in East Asia that has a population of around 1.4 billion people. The country considered to be the second most populous in the world. It has a diverse geographic environment with a high degree of economic and technological development.
Chinese language
The Chinese language is an official language in the People’s Republic of China. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. In addition, it is the most widely spoken and dominant language in many Southeast Asian nations.
A Chinese word is composed of a group of radicals. These radicals represent the meaning of a word. Each syllable in a word has a different meaning.
Unlike Western languages, there are no genders, tenses, or cases in Chinese. Also, words can contain two or more syllables, without any words for plurals.
The Chinese language also differs from other dialects in the way that it pronounced. Different varieties of the language have different stress, tone, and intonation.
In modern Sinitic languages, a person can have up to four different meanings for the same seemingly word depending on the intonation of the word. For instance, the character Er could mean “two people” or “enclosure”.
Because the Chinese language is tonal, it is more complex than other varieties of the language. To write a Chinese word, you must follow a set of rules, including the correct stroke order and the use of specific characters.
Traditional and simplified Chinese character systems are use in different parts of the world. Simplified Chinese characters are often use in the mainland of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. However, traditional Chinese characters are still use in Taiwan Province, as well as in oversea Chinese communities in North America.
The pinyin system is an alternative to the traditional Chinese script. It developed to make the Chinese language more understandable for westerners. It is based on the pronunciation of Beijing dialects. Pinyin first published in 1958.
China Rapid technological development
China’s rapid technological development is changing the way people live. This change is affecting all spheres of life and society. It also raises ethical and policymaking questions.
The Chinese government is leveraging foreign knowledge and technology to achieve its goals. They are also adapting these ideas to fit into the Chinese economy.
Some of the most successful tech companies in China are Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu. These companies able to compete globally with multinational corporations.
While China has demonstrated its capacity to innovate, its strategy not yet fully implemented. There are several key sectors in which the country has not yet developed a competitive advantage.
For instance, in aerospace, China has made impressive progress in the international arena. However, it is not yet at par with the United States in innovation.
Other areas that have not shown significant improvements include electronics. These industries still rely primarily on imported foreign technologies and components. Trade deficits in other high-tech sectors are beginning to increase.
In addition, China is attempting to bridge the gap between basic research and applied research. This has resulted in a slew of large government-sponsored initiatives, which have helped speed up the process of innovation.
One of these initiatives is the IDDS, or Innovation-Driven Development Strategy. The aim of this initiative is to develop a national strength in science and technology.
Another initiative is the Double First-Class Plan, which was design to improve China’s higher education system. Specifically, the plan aims to increase the number of universities that capable of generating world class research.
Among the various innovations that China has launched, there is a quantum computer. Wang Haohua, a physicist at Zhejiang University, is trying to develop a superconducting quantum computer.
China’s Economic efficiency
China has devoted a lot of effort to improve the quality of life of the people. It has also taken measures to develop green energy and to promote social equity. However, there is still room for improvement in the economic efficiency of China. The research paper presents some findings on this issue.
This paper utilizes input/output SBM model to measure the low-carbon economic efficiency of China during 1995-2012. In addition, the SBM model can compare decision-making units across years. By using global covariance, the model focuses on the comparability of the low-carbon economic efficiency of decision-making units.
The paper shows that the green economic efficiency of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration consists of two stages. During the first stage, efficiency values are lower. During the second stage, they are more stable. The spatial correlation of efficiency values is evident.
While efficiency is higher in the eastern coastal region, the lowest value of the low-carbon economy is in the northern coastal region. Efficiency is lower in the central and western regions. Developing provinces in the eastern coastal region have a good performance in the development of low-carbon economy.
According to the analysis of the low-carbon economic efficiency of China, the national average is about 0.094 in 2013. Over the next five years, the average value will increase. The value will reach 0.576 in 2024. Although the value will decrease from 2020 to 2021, the number of divisions achieving low-carbon economic efficiency improvement will rise.
Most PLADs in China have a large redundancy rate in the total energy consumption and CO2 emission. Moreover, most of them have a high input redundancy in labor and capital stock. So, the economic efficiency of the low-carbon economy is still quite low.
China Political system
The political system of China has witnessed rapid development since its establishment. It is a socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. This system is different from the two-party competition system in the West.
China has a diverse population and characterized by several social strata. As a socialist state, the People’s Republic of China founded on the alliance of workers and peasants. Through the establishment of a strong democratic society, the Chinese people are striving to build a comparatively well-off and harmonious society.
The multi-party cooperation system in China has become the country’s most basic political structure. It promotes social stability and political stability while promoting the progress of socialist ethics.
A major feature of the multi-party cooperation system is its political consultation. In this field, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference plays a vital role. It comprises members from the CPC and several democratic parties.
These democratic parties politically organized and actively participate in anti-corruption inspections, price inspections, and other aspects of state affairs. They also help the ruling party in decision-making. Their members hold leadership positions in the various state power organs.
The CPC consults with democratic parties on a wide range of topics. These include the development of the economy, social security, environmental protection, and social credibility. Moreover, the CPC consults with individuals and organizations that do not belong to a specific party.
The Chinese political system has faced many challenges. Some of these include corruption, factionalism, “stove-piping”, and other problems. However, the political system has persisted in the last 50 years.
In addition to the role of democratic parties, the People’s Congresses plays a key role in the fundamental framework of the Chinese political system. It reviews the previous year’s work and makes plans for the coming year.
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