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Lumpy skin disease is one of the major causes of cattle deaths in Pakistan. Its causes, economic impact, and vaccine development are discussed in this article. It is a devastating disease that has been devastating livestock farms in Pakistan for many years. The disease is a serious issue and must be addressed as soon as possible.
Causes
Lumpy Skin Disease is a serious animal disease in Pakistan, affecting cattle and buffaloes. The disease is spread by insects that attack the cow’s skin, causing lumpy lesions. It can seriously affect a cow’s milk production and damage her reproductive organs. Although the outbreak has been contained, cattle fairs before the Eid-ul-Azha holiday could trigger another outbreak.
Currently, there are no known cures for lumpy skin disease, but there are steps farmers can take to reduce its spread. The first step is a vaccination. A vaccination will protect cattle against the disease. Farmers in the area should try to treat infected animals without killing them.
Infected cattle show symptoms of fever, lacrimation, nasal discharge, hypersalivation, and characteristic skin eruptions. The incubation period is four to fourteen days. Once the infection is present, it will spread throughout the animal population. If the outbreak is severe, nodes may be infected and produce pus. Milk and meat from infected cattle should be cooked or pasteurised before eating. Female cows will produce less milk than usual as a result of the disease.
Lumpy skin disease is an infectious disease of cattle caused by a viral infection. It is originally found in southern and eastern Africa but has spread to several countries in Asia, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. It has recently spread to Georgia and Russia and has caused considerable concern worldwide.
The virus that causes lumpy skin disease is related to the virus responsible for goatpox and sheeppox. Although this virus is not known to infect humans, it can infect sheep and goats. Moreover, it affects the milk production and fertility of dairy cattle.
In order to control the disease in cattle, the government is adopting several control measures. The measures include mass vaccination of cattle and monitoring outbreaks. The EFSA has also endorsed a mass vaccination program to help control the disease’s spread in Europe. It is also working on the development of an effective vaccine for the disease.
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a viral infection that affects cattle and buffalo. Although it is not a human disease, the disease is highly contagious and can cause significant production losses. In March 2022, the disease was reported in Singapore and Indonesia.
Economic impact
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging viral disease of cattle that severely affects the production and management of livestock. It has been reported from several countries, including Bangladesh, China, Turkey, and the Middle East. It has spread to other areas, including the Caucasus, southern parts of the Russian Federation, and southern Asia. Although the disease has a low mortality rate, it can greatly impact the livelihoods of livestock farmers.
Currently, there is no vaccine for LSD. It’s not known whether it can spread from animal to human. There are no known human cases of the disease, but it does threaten food security. LSD can reduce animal production and raise production costs, as well as disrupt the livestock trade. The disease can also affect the leather industry, as it can permanently damage the skin of the cattle. In addition, the disease can also prevent cattle from being sold for meat.
The disease is a major concern for livestock producers in Pakistan. Cattle and buffalo farming accounts for more than half of the country’s agricultural sector. The country’s livestock industry employs eight million people and contributes almost 11 per cent to the country’s GDP. In addition, the livestock industry supports the livelihoods of five million dairy farmers. Unfortunately, people have stopped purchasing milk from their farmers as a result of fear of the disease. However, milk is safe for human consumption as long as it is pasteurized.
The disease is caused by a poxvirus. The virus is part of the capripoxvirus family and causes characteristic skin nodules. In addition, the disease is accompanied by pyrexia, nasal discharge, and swelling of superficial lymph nodes. It also affects reproductive organs and milk production in infected animals.
While lumpy skin disease is a serious animal health issue, there are several effective ways to control its spread. For example, vaccination programs and the culling of infected animals can help reduce its impact on cattle farms. In addition, EFSA has created an interactive disease profile that includes the latest scientific information on diagnosis, prevention, and economic impact of this disease.
Vaccine
Pakistan has begun testing a vaccine for the lumpy skin disease, a viral disease of cattle. The vaccine is being prepared by veterinary experts in the Punjab province, and the tests have shown positive results. The first case of lumpy skin disease was found in Sindh province in October last year, and the disease has since spread throughout the country. The disease causes fever, reduced milk production, and loss of appetite, among other symptoms.
The livestock department has launched the vaccination process, which aims to eradicate the disease. Currently, a total of 32,256 cattle in Pakistan are affected by this disease. Despite the vaccine, the situation hasn’t improved much in many districts. The disease is most widespread in Karachi, but it is also affecting less-affected districts such as Tharparkar, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Ghotki, and Sukkur.
The vaccine can be effective against lumpy skin disease in both cattle and buffaloes. The disease is spread by insects, and it is possible for a second outbreak of the disease to occur during cattle fairs ahead of Eid-ul-Azha. Cattle can be seriously affected by lumpy skin disease, as it can affect their milk production and reproductive organs.
Vaccines are free for cattle, but caution is advised. Live virus vaccines can exacerbate an outbreak if used improperly. Therefore, it is important for teams to wait for 10 to 15 days before vaccinating cattle. In addition, they are advised not to vaccinate cattle that have already recovered from the disease or have life-long immunity.
A good vaccine is an essential part of controlling LSD in cattle. It can prevent the spread of the disease in both endemic and newly-affected areas. However, the challenge is selecting the right vaccine. Effective vaccination must be combined with early diagnosis to control the disease.
Lumpy skin disease is an outbreak of the virus Capripoxvirus, in the Poxviridae family. The symptoms of infected animals include fever, poor body condition, lowered milk production, and characteristic skin lesions. The number of lesions can range from a single lesion in mild cases to hundreds, even hundreds. Symptoms of the disease can also include a purulent nasal discharge and ulcerative lesions.
Efforts to develop vaccine
A new vaccine against Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle has been developed by two institutes of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The disease has been widespread across several States in India and Pakistan in the past few months, resulting in the death of thousands of cattle. The vaccine is being developed by researchers from the ICAR National Equine Research Center in Hisar, Haryana, in collaboration with the Indian Veterinary Research Institute.
The disease is a virus that is transmitted from animal to animal by ticks and tsetse flies. There are no cures for LSD, but vaccination can help control it. The government is importing another consignment of vaccine from Jordan to help the country fight the outbreak. In addition, the government is providing financial compensation to cattle farmers who have been affected by the disease.
The disease has killed over 5,000 cattle in six states in the past month. Vaccination efforts will take time to reach the ground. The disease can also infect humans and other animals. This has raised questions about the zoonotic implications of the disease.
Currently, the best vaccines to combat the disease are heterologous, which are composed of live attenuated strains of capri pox and sheep pox virus. Another type of vaccine is homologous, containing live attenuated strains of the Neethling virus. However, there are some disadvantages to homologous vaccine. In addition, the vaccines are costly.
Despite the difficulty in preventing the disease from spreading in a large number of cattle populations, a local vaccine developed using the GTPV strain may be the best option. Commercial homologous vaccines against LSD must be obtained from international sources. A locally produced vaccine based on a GTPV strain may be a cheaper and more efficient alternative. The vaccine should undergo rigorous testing to ensure its safety.
Lumpy skin disease is an infectious poxvirus that affects cattle. Vaccines are the only way to control the disease in both newly infected areas and endemic areas. However, veterinary authorities and farmers face many challenges in developing the most effective vaccines. Currently, available vaccine products vary in quality, efficacy, side effects, and cost.
