What is Sound?

Sound is a physical phenomenon whose energy comes from vibrations in an object. This energy is transmitted through solids as energy waves and then reaches our ears. The eardrum vibrates and travels via the ossicles to the cochlea, a fluid-filled organ. The cochlea receives and translates these surface waves into sounds, which are then translated by the auditory nerve.

Frequency

Sound waves are waves of energy with a certain frequency. These waves can be classified into two types, high-frequency and low-frequency. High-frequency sound waves are generally louder than low-frequency sound waves. Examples of high-frequency sounds are a bass drum, thunder, and high-pitched whistles and squeaks. Intensity is the loudness of a sound measured in decibels.

Sound travels in a medium based on its density and elasticity. When the medium is a liquid, sound travels faster than in a solid or gas. Similarly, a medium that is more rigid will have a higher frequency than a fluid or a gas. However, it is important to note that the speed of sound will only change if there is a change in the density or elasticity of the medium.

The highest frequency of sound is called the treble range. The lowest frequency is the infrasound region below the human hearing range. High-frequency sounds are at the highest limit of human hearing, at approximately 21,000 Hz. The range of frequencies between these two extremes is known as the bass range.

In music, there are several types of bass instruments. Some of them are low-pitched, while others are high-pitched. Bass and guitars are examples of instruments in the low-pitched range. Drums, pianos, and cymbals are examples of high-pitched sounds.

The fundamental frequency component of a sound wave is the lowest one. This frequency is translate into pitch according to the tuning system and pitch standard used. The 12-TET or just-intoned tuning systems are usually use for this purpose. Then, a musical interval is define, such as a minor third or a perfect fifth.

Source

Sound is a phenomenon that occurs due to the vibration of particles in a medium. These particles move at a rate equal to the sound’s frequency. During sound’s propagation, they disturb other particles in the medium. As they do so, they produce a change in pressure. This change is measure by the receiver as a sound wave.

The intensity and duration of a sound are determine by the frequency and velocity of the source. A sound source can be a point or a spherical object. The spherical source generates sound by expanding and contracting rhythmically. This rarefaction pulse and pressure wave cause sound. The waves then travel through a medium and cause a sound field.

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Sound varies in speed according to the temperature and ambient conditions. Air at 20 degC has a speed of 343 m/s. In addition, the sound in air experiences a second-order anharmonic effect, which produces mixed tones. Another effect that affects sound speed is relativistic.

Almost everything we see and hear contains sound. Sound is a fundamental part of life and can use to communicate and detect danger. Many species use sound to navigate, hunt, communicate, and survive. The Earth’s water and atmosphere produce unique sounds. And many species have developed special organs to produce sound, like those of animals and birds.

Doppler effect

The Doppler effect is the change in the frequency and pitch of sound waves that occurs when a source moves from one position to another. This effect is particularly noticeable when the source of sound is moving toward or away from the observer. The effect also occurs when the source of sound is stationary and is changing its frequency.

In 1843, Doppler was working with a Dutch meteorologist to observe the Doppler effect in sound. He had arrange for a band of musicians to perform on an open railroad flatcar as the train passed a platform. The musicians performed while the train was passing and the Doppler shift was measure.

Sound waves have a shorter wavelength in front of the source and a longer wavelength behind the source. When the source is moving away from the observer, the sound wave that it produces travels at a faster speed than the observer. The observer who is moving toward the source will receive the longer wavelength and higher frequency while the observer on the left will receive the shorter wavelength and lower frequency.

The Doppler effect is use in a number of applications related to movement. For example, physicians and medical technicians use it to measure blood flow. The top speed of blood flow in the arteries is 0.89 MPH or 0.4 m/s. This is small enough to notice even when blood flows through a narrow passage.

Astronomers also use the Doppler effect to study the motion of galaxies. The higher the speed of a galaxy, the larger the shift in colour it will experience. Similarly, the faster it moves, the brighter its light will be.